Comprehensive Approach to Viral Hepatitis

Understanding Viral Hepatitis

Chronic hepatitis B affects over 250 million people worldwide, while hepatitis C affects about 71 million. Both can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma if untreated. Screening high-risk populations is crucial for early detection and intervention.

Diagnostic Workup

Initial testing includes HBsAg, anti-HCV, and liver function tests. For hepatitis B, additional tests like HBeAg, HBV DNA, and liver elastography help determine disease activity. Hepatitis C requires HCV RNA testing to confirm chronic infection.

Treatment Options

Current hepatitis B treatments include tenofovir and entecavir. Hepatitis C is now curable with 8-12 weeks of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) like sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, with success rates >95%. Treatment selection depends on genotype and liver disease stage.

Monitoring and Follow-up

Post-treatment, hepatitis B requires lifelong monitoring for reactivation. Hepatitis C patients need HCV RNA testing 12 weeks after treatment to confirm cure. All patients with chronic liver disease should undergo regular HCC surveillance with ultrasound.

Prevention Strategies

Hepatitis B vaccination remains the most effective prevention method. For hepatitis C, harm reduction strategies in high-risk groups are essential. All patients with chronic liver disease should receive hepatitis A and B vaccination if non-immune.