Optimizing Health in Older Adults

Geriatric Assessment Principles

Comprehensive geriatric evaluations go beyond standard physical exams to assess function, cognition, mood, medications, and social support. Screening tools like the Mini-Cog test help identify cognitive impairment, while gait speed measurements predict functional decline risk.

Medication Management

The Beers Criteria identify potentially inappropriate medications for older adults. Regular medication reviews help minimize polypharmacy risks. Deprescribing unnecessary medications reduces fall risk and adverse drug interactions while maintaining quality of life.

Chronic Disease Considerations

Treatment goals often shift in geriatrics, prioritizing function and symptom control over aggressive targets. For example, relaxed glycemic control (A1c 7.5-8.5%) may be appropriate for frail elderly to avoid dangerous hypoglycemia while still preventing symptoms.

Preventive Care

Immunizations (pneumococcal, shingles, influenza) remain crucial. Bone density screening and fall risk assessments help prevent fractures. Advance care planning discussions ensure medical care aligns with patient values and preferences.

Supporting Independence

Home safety evaluations and mobility aids can maintain independence. Connecting patients with community resources like meal delivery or transportation services helps them remain at home longer. Recognizing caregiver stress is an essential component of comprehensive geriatric care.